Which article of the U.S. Constitution establishes the judicial branch?

Article III of the U.S. Constitution is the section that specifically establishes the judicial branch of the federal government. This article outlines the structure, jurisdiction, and powers of the judicial system, including the Supreme Court and other inferior courts that Congress may choose to create. By defining the judicial branch, Article III plays a crucial role in the separation of powers among the three branches of government: the legislative, the executive, and the judiciary. This separation is essential for maintaining a system of checks and balances, ensuring that no single branch has unchecked power.

Additionally, Article III discusses the appointment of judges, their tenure, and the stipulations concerning their removal, fundamentally shaping the operation of justice in the United States. This is why understanding the importance of Article III is critical for comprehending how the American legal system functions and how it is designed to protect individual rights and uphold the rule of law.