What is an example of a case that would likely be heard by a federal court?

A case that arises under federal law is a classic example of the type of case that would be heard by a federal court. The federal court system is specifically designed to handle matters that pertain to the interpretation and enforcement of federal statutes and regulations, as well as issues that cross state lines or involve federal treaties. This means that when a case involves a federal law, such as civil rights protections, immigration issues, patent law, or federal tax matters, it is typically within the jurisdiction of federal courts.

In contrast, disputes between private parties or state laws that do not have a federal element are generally resolved in state courts. Traffic violations are also typically handled at the state level, as they involve state traffic laws and regulations. Therefore, cases that clearly involve federal statutes or constitutional issues, such as those described in the correct choice, are the kind that federal courts are designed to adjudicate.