What is a "trial court"?

A trial court is the location where cases are initially brought and heard, making it the first level of the court system. In a trial court, evidence is presented, witnesses testify, and a judge or jury makes determinations based on the facts of the case. The primary function of a trial court is to assess the facts in order to resolve disputes or criminal charges.

This distinguishes trial courts from appellate courts, which have the authority to review decisions made by trial courts but do not conduct trials themselves. The characteristics of a trial court allow it to handle a broad range of cases, including criminal, civil, family, and sometimes even juvenile matters, depending on the jurisdiction. Thus, the definition emphasizes its role as the starting point in the judicial process where offenses are examined and legal arguments are made.