How does the judicial branch maintain a check on the executive branch?

The judicial branch maintains a check on the executive branch primarily through the power of judicial review. This involves reviewing actions taken by the executive branch to ensure they comply with the Constitution. When a case arises that questions the legality or constitutionality of an executive action, the judicial branch has the authority to interpret the Constitution and assess whether that action violates constitutional principles. If it determines that an executive action is unconstitutional, the courts can declare it void, thereby restraining the executive's power and ensuring that it acts within the law.

This function is vital for maintaining the system of checks and balances outlined in the Constitution, where each branch of government has the means to limit the powers of the others, thereby preventing any single branch from becoming too powerful. The other options do not describe the judiciary's role in this context accurately; they either pertain to functions that are not primarily judicial, or they misconstrue the fundamental purpose of the checks and balances system.